Setiap individu dari kita akan merasa senang dengan kehadiran produk atau layanan yang lebih canggih dan praktis. Tidak terkecuali teknologi internet yang telah merobohkan batas dunia dan media televisi yang menyajikan hiburan, informasi serta berita aktual. Begitu juga, handphone yang telah membantu komunikasi sesama manusia untuk kapan saja meskipun satu dengan yang lainnya berada di dunia Utara-Selatan atau belahan Timur – Laut.
Teknologi + Kebebasan – Edukasi = Kehancuran
Setiap teknologi memberikan efek positif dan negatif. Maraknya penggunaan ponsel telah menurunkan interaksi individu secara langsung. Hal ini akan cenderung membuat pola hidup manusia menjadi indivualistis. Dampak negatif ini tentunya dapat dikurangi bahkan dihindari jika saja si pengguna memiliki pemahaman dan pengetahuan, etika dan sikap yang kuat (bijak-positif) untuk memanfaatkan sesuatu secara selektif dan tepat guna.
Inilah titik permasalahannya bagi anak dan remaja. Penyaring internal (pemahamam, etika dan sikap) anak dan remaja kita masih sangat rapuh. Di era kompleksitas arus kehidupan saat ini, orang tua (terutama di perkotaan) telah kehilangan daya mendidik dan membangun keluarga bagi anak-anaknya. Hal ini diperparah dengan maraknya “racun-racun” yang diterima oleh anak-anak kita saat ini. Adegan-adegan kekerasan, seksual, mistik, dan hedonisme di media TV, koran dan internet, serta sistem pendidikan sekolah yang gagal membangun karakter anak, telah menyerang anak-anak kita saat ini.
Di sisi lain, rendahnya regulasi dan law inforcement dari pemerintah dan aparaturnya, telah menyebabkan oknum-oknum perusak generasi muda kita “berkembang biak secara pesat. KKN antara pihak penguasa dengan pengusaha dalam regulasi, publikasi dan distribusi media menyebabkan jutaan pemimpin masa depan Indonesia di ujung kepunahan. Sederet keprihatinan anak dan remaja saat ini seperti kenakalan remaja, pola hidup konsumtif – hedonistik, pergaulan bebas, rokok, narkoba, dan kecanduan game on line hampir menuju budaya “gaya hidup” remaja masa kini.
Teknologi tanpa filtrasi (perlu regulasi agar kebebasan tidak jebol) dan rapuhnya edukasi serta karakter manusia mengakibatkan kehancuran bangsa.
Rokok, Narkoba, Seks, dan AIDS
Ditengah berita siswa-siswi berprestasi dalam ajang penelitian, olimpiade sains, seni dan olahraga, anak muda Indonesia saat ini terancam dalam masa chaos. Jutaan remaja kita menjadi korban perusahaan nikotin-rokok. Lebih dari 2 juta remaja Indonesia ketagihan Narkoba (BNN 2004) dan lebih 8000 remaja terdiagnosis pengidap AIDS (Depkes 2008). Disamping itu, moral anak-anak dalam hubungan seksual telah memasuki tahap yang mengawatirkan. Lebih dari 60% remaja SMP dan SMA Indonesia, sudah tidak perawan lagi. Perilaku hidup bebas telah meruntuhkan sendi-sendi kehidupan masyarakat kita.
Berdasarkan hasil survei Komnas Perlindungan Anak bekerja sama dengan Lembaga Perlindungan Anak (LPA) di 12 provinsi pada 2007 diperoleh pengakuan remaja bahwa :
- Sebanyak 93,7% anak SMP dan SMU pernah melakukan ciuman, petting, dan oral seks.
- Sebanyak 62,7% anak SMP mengaku sudah tidak perawan.
- Sebanyak 21,2% remaja SMA mengaku pernah melakukan aborsi.
- Dari 2 juta wanita Indonesia yang pernah melakukan aborsi, 1 juta adalah remaja perempuan.
- Sebanyak 97% pelajar SMP dan SMA mengaku suka menonton film porno.
Pengakuan seorang Siswi SMA, Beginikah Remaja Kita?
“Sekarang gue lagi jomblo. Sudah dua tahun putus. Sakit juga! Habis pacaran empat tahun, dan sudah kayak suami-istri. Dulu, tiap kali ketemu, gejolak seks muncul begitu saja. Terus ML (making love) deh. Biasanya kita lakuin kegiatan itu di hotel. Kadang di rumah juga, kalau orang rumah lagi pergi semua. Kalau rumah nggak lagi sepi ya paling cuma berani ciuman dan raba sana-sini. Buat gue, semua itu biasa. Gue nglakuinnya karena merasa yakin doi bakal jadi suami gue. Gue nggak takut dosa. Kan kita sama-sama mau, jadi nggak ada paksaan. Dosa terjadi kan kalau ada paksaan. Gitu menurut gue. Waktu putus, gue nggak nyesel sudah nglakuin itu, habis, mau gimana lagi! Santai saja! Tentang pendidikan seks, gue nggak pernah terima dari orangtua. Paling dari teman, majalah, buku, atau film”
Itulah penuturan Neila (samaran), pelajar kelas 3 sebuah SMA di Jakarta Timur, yang baru saja menjalani UAN.
Tanpa beban, remaja manis bertubuh mungil ini menceritakan pengalamannya. Ia dan sang kekasih tahu harus melakukan apa supaya hubungan seks pranikah itu tidak membuatnya hamil.
Sampai saat ini, Neila yakin orangtuanya sama sekali tidak tahu perilaku putri keduanya itu. ”Gue nggak bakal ceritalah, bisa mati mendadak mereka. Teman malah ada yang tahu, tentu saja yang punya pengalaman sama,” katanya sambil memilin-milin rambutnya.
Menurutnya, ML di kalangan remaja sekarang bukan hal yang terlalu asing lagi. Malah, ada yang sengaja merayu pria dewasa yang bisa ditemui di mal dan tempat umum lain, untuk mendapatkan uang atau barang berharga, seperti telepon seluler model terbaru, jam tangan bermerek, baju, sepatu, tas, dan sebagainya. ”Bukan profesi sih, cuma iseng. Hitung-hitung bisa buat gaya. Mending gue `kan, yang nglakuinnya cuma sama pacar dan bukan demi duit,” sergahnya.
Biarkan atau Bertindak?
Sudah seharusnya kita kembali ke akar budaya bangsa kita. Jauh sebelumnya, bangsa Indonesia adalah bangsa yang memiliki nilai akar (root value) budaya yang menjunjung tinggi nilai kemanusiaan dan kesusilaan seperti tertuang dalam falsafah dan nilai Pancasila. Kondisi yang menimpa generasi muda saat ini, harus dibina dan dididik agar mereka menjadi pemimpin yang memiliki moralitas yang tinggi untuk membangun bangsa dan negaranya.
Semua pihak haruslah merasa bertanggung jawab atas kasus ini. Disamping orang tua, peran masyarakat sangatlah penting. Sistem pendidikan kita juga harus diubah. Jangan naikkan anggaran tanpa meningkatkan nilai yang sesungguhnya dari pendidikan. Pemerintah sudah seharusnya tegas melaksanakan undang-undang, dan para pengusaha, pedagang, dan web internet cobalah berhenti menyebarkan hal-hal yang merusak (karena generasi kita masih rapuh).
Hal-hal yang harusnya dilakukan:
- Pemerintah filtrasi tegas sinetron, film atau iklan yang berisi kekerasan seksual, pergaulan bebas, mistis-religi, kekerasan-religi, ramalan serta judi.
- Menindak tegas para pelanggar UU Perlindungan Anak.
- menfilter situs-situs porno di Indonesia. Hingga saat ini saja ada 6 Situs Porno yang Paling Banyak diakses di Indonesia.
- Membangun Youth Centre, pusat pendidikan dan kreasi bagi remaja-remaja agar beraktivitas yang positif.
- Secara aktif mengontrol promosi (iklan) dan peredaran rokok.
- Memprioritaskan program pencegahan perdagangan anak, eksploitasi seksual komersial anak, dan narkoba.
- Edukasi pada masyarakat bahwa jangan mengasingkan anak-anak (yang menjadi korban), bantulah mereka untuk keluar dari permasalahan mereka (material maupun moril).
Sumber : http://www.perempuan.com/new/index.php?aid=25701&cid=11&05%2F06%2F10%2C09%3A05%3A07
(http://surabaya-metropolis.com/gaya-hidup/semakin-parah-gaya-hidup-remaja.html)
Selasa, 23 November 2010
sosok presiden 2014
diera yang semakin canggih dalam ruang lingkup sistem informasi ini saya sangat mendukung sekali adanya sesosok presiden yang lebih mementingkan teknologi dibandingkan sesuatu yang tidak berguna. dengan mengadakan sosialisasi tentang teknologi kepada masyarakat indonesia maka secara otomatis pola pikir masyarakat akan berubah pula. dengan meninggalkan pola pikir yang primitif atau yang sering didengar kolot, diharapkan masyarakat akan sadar dengan perkembangan teknologi. karena dengan dituntut mobilitas yang tinggi, masyarakan akan mempunyai pemikiran yang cepat dan tepat.
pendapat demo mahasiswa dimaksar saat SBY datang
POLISI TERLUKA: ejumlah polisi berusaha menyelamatkan rekannya yang terluka saat terjadi bentrokan antara mahasiswa dan polisi di Kampus Universitas Negeri Makassar (UNM), Selasa (19/10). Akibat dari bentrokan tersebut sejumlah polisi dan mahasiswa mengalami luka-luka dan sejumlah mahasiswa diamankan.
Makassar (SIB)
Bentrokan antara mahasiswa dengan aparat keamanan kembali meletus di Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan (Sulsel). Kali ini dipicu tindakan mahasiswa yang mencoba menghalangi rombongan Presiden SBY.
Presiden SBY, Selasa (19/10), menghadiri rapat koordinasi gubernur se-Indonesia di Makassar. Kegiatan tersebut digelar di Hotel Clarion, Jl AP Pettarani, Makassar.
Presiden SBY bersama sejumlah menteri tiba di Hotel Clarion sekitar pukul 11.00 Wita. Presiden pun langsung membuka rapat koordinasi para gubernur tersebut.
Dalam pidato sambutannya, SBY menyampaikan sejumlah pesan kepada para gubernur, antara lain menjaga kerukunan sosial dan keamanan serta ketertiban masyarakat di wilayah masing-masing. Menurut Presiden SBY, setiap saat bisa terjadi robeknya kerukunan sosial.
“Dari kepala desa sampai walikota, harus menjaga kerukunan sosial. Apa pun agama, suku dan parpolnya, mari kita jaga gesekan-gesekan yang berkaitan dengan kerukunan sosial dan kamtibmas,” ujar SBY.
Usai membuka acara rakor gubernur, Presiden kemudian menuju Trans Studio, tempat wisata milik pengusaha Chairul Tanjung. Di tempat ini Presiden SBY menandatangani proyek pembangunan infrastruktur di Sulawesi Selatan, seperti bandara perintis di Palopo.
Namun puluhan mahasiswa Makassar, misalnya dari Universitas Negeri Makassar, mencoba memblokade arus lalu lintas di depan kampus mereka yang akan dilalui Presiden SBY. Aksi ini langsung direspons aparat keamanan, baik Polri maupun TNI, yang berjaga di sekitar lokasi tersebut.
Para petugas membubarkan paksa aksi para mahasiswa tersebut. Para mahasiswa digiring ke dalam kampus.
Tetapi para mahasiswa tidak mau menurut begitu saja. Sebaliknya, mereka marah dan melakukan perlawanan. Para mahasiswa kemudian melempari para petugas dengan batu dan benda-benda keras lainnya.
Aksi brutal para mahasiswa ini sempat tidak dihiraukan petugas. Mereka hanya berlindung di balik tameng. Namun karena mahasiswa terus melakukan penimpukan, para anggota polisi dan TNI akhirnya bertindak tegas. Mereka membalas timpukan batu dari mahasiswa dengan lontaran gas air mata. Beberapa di antaranya juga menyerang balik para mahasiswa dengan lemparan batu.
Hingga pukul 12.50 Wita, perang batu antara mahasiswa dan aparat masih berlangsung. Akibat peristiwa itu, beberapa orang anggota polisi dilarikan ke ambulans karena kepalanya luka terkena lemparan batu.
Sejak Senin (18/10), sejumlah mahasiswa Makassar dari berbagai kampus telah menggelar aksi menolak rencana kedatangan Presiden SBY ke Makassar. Para mahasiswa menilai, pemerintahan Presiden SBY-Boediono telah gagal.
Aksi tersebut juga berujung bentrok. Sejumlah mahasiswa ditangkap polisi. Sebaliknya, seorang polisi yang kebetulan lewat lokasi bentrokan juga sempat disandera oleh para mahasiswa. Aksi ini berakhir dengan saling tukar ’sandera’.
Sejumlah Polisi dan Wartawan Luka Terkena Batu
Bentrokan antara mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Makassar (UNM) dengan polisi mengakibatkan korban berjatuhan. Sejumlah orang terluka terkena lemparan batu, termasuk sejumlah polisi dan wartawan.
Sedikitnya 5 polisi dibawa ke ambulans dengan kepala berdarah. Mereka kemudian dibawa ke Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Makassar untuk mendapatkan perawatan lebih lanjut.
Nasib naas juga dialami reporter detikcom, M Nur Abdurrahman. Amang, demikian biasa disapa, juga mengalami luka di bagian kepala akibat terkena lemparan batu.
Amang juga dilarikan petugas dengan ambulans menuju RS Bhayangkara untuk mendapat perawatan lebih lanjut. “Tidak parah, hanya perlu dijahit sedikit,” ujar Amang, saat dihubungi redaksi detikcom dari Jakarta, Selasa (19/10).
Sebelumnya diberitakan, sejumlah mahasiswa UNM terlibat bentrok dengan aparat kepolisian dan TNI. Bentrokan dipicu tindakan mahasiswa yang mencoba menghadang rombongan SBY usai membuka rapat koordinasi gubernur se-Indonesia di Hotel Clarion.
Para petugas membubarkan paksa aksi para mahasiswa tersebut. Para mahasiswa digiring ke dalam kampus.
Tetapi para mahasiswa tidak mau menurut begitu saja. Sebaliknya, mereka marah dan melakukan perlawanan. Para mahasiswa kemudian melempari para petugas dengan batu dan benda-benda keras lainnya.
Aksi brutal para mahasiswa ini sempat tidak dihiraukan petugas. Mereka hanya berlindung di balik tameng. Namun karena mahasiswa terus melakukan penimpukan, para anggota polisi dan TNI akhirnya bertindak tegas. Mereka membalas timpukan batu dari mahasiswa dengan lontaran gas air mata. Beberapa di antaranya juga menyerang balik para mahasiswa dengan lemparan batu.
PESAWAT SUKHOI SAMBUT PRESIDEN DI MAKASSAR
Dilaporkan juga, bahwa empat pesawat Sukhoi dari Skadron 11 Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, juga turut menyambut kedatangan Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono dalam kunjungan kerja sehari di provinsi tersebut.
Keempat Sukhoi tersebut, Selasa siang menyambut kedatangan Presiden yang menggunakan pesawat Kepresidenan Garuda Indonesia dengan pengawalan udara sejak memasuki wilayah udara Sulawesi Selatan hingga menjelang pendaratan di Bandara Sultan Hasanuddin Makassar.
Empat pesawat terbaru TNI AU tersebut terbang disamping pesawat Kepresidenan, masing-masing dua di kiri dan dua di kanan.
Sementara itu Presiden didampingi Ibu Ani Yudhoyono tiba di Makassar pada pukul 08.30 WIB atau 09:30 WITA.
SBY Datang, 1.000 Anggota TNI Disebar di Tiap Sudut Makassar
Sekitar 1.000 anggota TNI dari Kodam VII Wirabuana disebar di setiap sudut Kota Makkasar, Sulsel. Mereka mengamankan Presiden SBY yang datang dalam rangka membuka rapat koordinasi gubernur se-Indonesia di Hotel Clarion, Jalan AP Pettarani.
Pantauan detikcom pada Selasa (19/10) pukul 07.00 Wita, jalan yang akan dilalui oleh rombongan SBY dijaga anggota TNI yang dilengkapi dengan senjata laras panjang. Mereka berjaga di sepanjang jalan termasuk di depan kampus Universitas Hassanudin, Universitas Muslim Indonesia (UMI), Universitas 45 dan Universitas Negeri Makassar.
Pengamanan juga dilakukan sepanjang flyover KM 4, Tanjung Bunga (jalan menuju Trans Mal, tempat yang akan dikunjungi SBY) serta di pasar-pasar. Pengamanan ini sangat mencolok karena di tiap perempatan jalan tampak 4 hingga 6 anggota TNI dan sebuah watercannon di flyover KM 14.
Bahkan untuk mengantisipasi hal-hal yang tak diinginkan, pengelola Universitas 45 dan UMI meliburkan mahasiswanya. Meski belum ada massa yang berkumpul tapi elemen mahasiswa telah mendaftarkan diri untuk melakukan aksi untuk di beberapa titik di Makassar untuk menyambut SBY. Pada Senin kemarin, mahasiswa UMI terlibat baku hantam dengan polisi.
Adapun Polres Makassar menerjunkan anggotanya sebanyak 2 SSK untuk membantu mem-back up pengamanan kunjungan Presiden. (detikcom/Ant/y)
(http://hariansib.com/?p=147258)
Makassar (SIB)
Bentrokan antara mahasiswa dengan aparat keamanan kembali meletus di Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan (Sulsel). Kali ini dipicu tindakan mahasiswa yang mencoba menghalangi rombongan Presiden SBY.
Presiden SBY, Selasa (19/10), menghadiri rapat koordinasi gubernur se-Indonesia di Makassar. Kegiatan tersebut digelar di Hotel Clarion, Jl AP Pettarani, Makassar.
Presiden SBY bersama sejumlah menteri tiba di Hotel Clarion sekitar pukul 11.00 Wita. Presiden pun langsung membuka rapat koordinasi para gubernur tersebut.
Dalam pidato sambutannya, SBY menyampaikan sejumlah pesan kepada para gubernur, antara lain menjaga kerukunan sosial dan keamanan serta ketertiban masyarakat di wilayah masing-masing. Menurut Presiden SBY, setiap saat bisa terjadi robeknya kerukunan sosial.
“Dari kepala desa sampai walikota, harus menjaga kerukunan sosial. Apa pun agama, suku dan parpolnya, mari kita jaga gesekan-gesekan yang berkaitan dengan kerukunan sosial dan kamtibmas,” ujar SBY.
Usai membuka acara rakor gubernur, Presiden kemudian menuju Trans Studio, tempat wisata milik pengusaha Chairul Tanjung. Di tempat ini Presiden SBY menandatangani proyek pembangunan infrastruktur di Sulawesi Selatan, seperti bandara perintis di Palopo.
Namun puluhan mahasiswa Makassar, misalnya dari Universitas Negeri Makassar, mencoba memblokade arus lalu lintas di depan kampus mereka yang akan dilalui Presiden SBY. Aksi ini langsung direspons aparat keamanan, baik Polri maupun TNI, yang berjaga di sekitar lokasi tersebut.
Para petugas membubarkan paksa aksi para mahasiswa tersebut. Para mahasiswa digiring ke dalam kampus.
Tetapi para mahasiswa tidak mau menurut begitu saja. Sebaliknya, mereka marah dan melakukan perlawanan. Para mahasiswa kemudian melempari para petugas dengan batu dan benda-benda keras lainnya.
Aksi brutal para mahasiswa ini sempat tidak dihiraukan petugas. Mereka hanya berlindung di balik tameng. Namun karena mahasiswa terus melakukan penimpukan, para anggota polisi dan TNI akhirnya bertindak tegas. Mereka membalas timpukan batu dari mahasiswa dengan lontaran gas air mata. Beberapa di antaranya juga menyerang balik para mahasiswa dengan lemparan batu.
Hingga pukul 12.50 Wita, perang batu antara mahasiswa dan aparat masih berlangsung. Akibat peristiwa itu, beberapa orang anggota polisi dilarikan ke ambulans karena kepalanya luka terkena lemparan batu.
Sejak Senin (18/10), sejumlah mahasiswa Makassar dari berbagai kampus telah menggelar aksi menolak rencana kedatangan Presiden SBY ke Makassar. Para mahasiswa menilai, pemerintahan Presiden SBY-Boediono telah gagal.
Aksi tersebut juga berujung bentrok. Sejumlah mahasiswa ditangkap polisi. Sebaliknya, seorang polisi yang kebetulan lewat lokasi bentrokan juga sempat disandera oleh para mahasiswa. Aksi ini berakhir dengan saling tukar ’sandera’.
Sejumlah Polisi dan Wartawan Luka Terkena Batu
Bentrokan antara mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Makassar (UNM) dengan polisi mengakibatkan korban berjatuhan. Sejumlah orang terluka terkena lemparan batu, termasuk sejumlah polisi dan wartawan.
Sedikitnya 5 polisi dibawa ke ambulans dengan kepala berdarah. Mereka kemudian dibawa ke Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Makassar untuk mendapatkan perawatan lebih lanjut.
Nasib naas juga dialami reporter detikcom, M Nur Abdurrahman. Amang, demikian biasa disapa, juga mengalami luka di bagian kepala akibat terkena lemparan batu.
Amang juga dilarikan petugas dengan ambulans menuju RS Bhayangkara untuk mendapat perawatan lebih lanjut. “Tidak parah, hanya perlu dijahit sedikit,” ujar Amang, saat dihubungi redaksi detikcom dari Jakarta, Selasa (19/10).
Sebelumnya diberitakan, sejumlah mahasiswa UNM terlibat bentrok dengan aparat kepolisian dan TNI. Bentrokan dipicu tindakan mahasiswa yang mencoba menghadang rombongan SBY usai membuka rapat koordinasi gubernur se-Indonesia di Hotel Clarion.
Para petugas membubarkan paksa aksi para mahasiswa tersebut. Para mahasiswa digiring ke dalam kampus.
Tetapi para mahasiswa tidak mau menurut begitu saja. Sebaliknya, mereka marah dan melakukan perlawanan. Para mahasiswa kemudian melempari para petugas dengan batu dan benda-benda keras lainnya.
Aksi brutal para mahasiswa ini sempat tidak dihiraukan petugas. Mereka hanya berlindung di balik tameng. Namun karena mahasiswa terus melakukan penimpukan, para anggota polisi dan TNI akhirnya bertindak tegas. Mereka membalas timpukan batu dari mahasiswa dengan lontaran gas air mata. Beberapa di antaranya juga menyerang balik para mahasiswa dengan lemparan batu.
PESAWAT SUKHOI SAMBUT PRESIDEN DI MAKASSAR
Dilaporkan juga, bahwa empat pesawat Sukhoi dari Skadron 11 Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, juga turut menyambut kedatangan Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono dalam kunjungan kerja sehari di provinsi tersebut.
Keempat Sukhoi tersebut, Selasa siang menyambut kedatangan Presiden yang menggunakan pesawat Kepresidenan Garuda Indonesia dengan pengawalan udara sejak memasuki wilayah udara Sulawesi Selatan hingga menjelang pendaratan di Bandara Sultan Hasanuddin Makassar.
Empat pesawat terbaru TNI AU tersebut terbang disamping pesawat Kepresidenan, masing-masing dua di kiri dan dua di kanan.
Sementara itu Presiden didampingi Ibu Ani Yudhoyono tiba di Makassar pada pukul 08.30 WIB atau 09:30 WITA.
SBY Datang, 1.000 Anggota TNI Disebar di Tiap Sudut Makassar
Sekitar 1.000 anggota TNI dari Kodam VII Wirabuana disebar di setiap sudut Kota Makkasar, Sulsel. Mereka mengamankan Presiden SBY yang datang dalam rangka membuka rapat koordinasi gubernur se-Indonesia di Hotel Clarion, Jalan AP Pettarani.
Pantauan detikcom pada Selasa (19/10) pukul 07.00 Wita, jalan yang akan dilalui oleh rombongan SBY dijaga anggota TNI yang dilengkapi dengan senjata laras panjang. Mereka berjaga di sepanjang jalan termasuk di depan kampus Universitas Hassanudin, Universitas Muslim Indonesia (UMI), Universitas 45 dan Universitas Negeri Makassar.
Pengamanan juga dilakukan sepanjang flyover KM 4, Tanjung Bunga (jalan menuju Trans Mal, tempat yang akan dikunjungi SBY) serta di pasar-pasar. Pengamanan ini sangat mencolok karena di tiap perempatan jalan tampak 4 hingga 6 anggota TNI dan sebuah watercannon di flyover KM 14.
Bahkan untuk mengantisipasi hal-hal yang tak diinginkan, pengelola Universitas 45 dan UMI meliburkan mahasiswanya. Meski belum ada massa yang berkumpul tapi elemen mahasiswa telah mendaftarkan diri untuk melakukan aksi untuk di beberapa titik di Makassar untuk menyambut SBY. Pada Senin kemarin, mahasiswa UMI terlibat baku hantam dengan polisi.
Adapun Polres Makassar menerjunkan anggotanya sebanyak 2 SSK untuk membantu mem-back up pengamanan kunjungan Presiden. (detikcom/Ant/y)
(http://hariansib.com/?p=147258)
2 tahun lagi saya menjadi apa?
2 tahun sudah terlawati menjadi mahasiswa gunadarma. mungkin tidak selancar yang dibayangkan, tapi setidaknya saya bisa mengikuti pelajaran sebagaimana mestinya. 2 tahun kedepan harapan saya yaitu menjadi sukses umumnya, khususnya saya ingin sukses dalam mengembangkan berbagai software untuk entertaintment musik, karna saya sangat menggilai musik. dengan berbekal ilmu yang saya dapatkan dari perkuliahan yang saya tekuni, saya yakin bisa untuk menjadi orang sukses. karena moto saya (saya "harus" sukses!) dan hal itu harus terjadi 2 tahun mendatang!!
Minggu, 24 Oktober 2010
Berita handphone SE W830i produk gagal atau tidak?
Handphone untuk saat ini bukanlah lagi untuk begaya, namun sudah menjadi kebutuhan khususnya bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Saya akan membahas tentang sebuah handphone yang berinisial SE berseri W830i apakah termasuk produk gagal atau tidak. Dari berbagai keluhan yang terdengar handphone tersebut mempunyai rincian kelemahan sebagai berikut:
1. bling putih pada layar/white secreen
2. ketika dinyalakan LCDberkedip
3. Untuk penerimaan signal nya kurang bagus
4. handphone slide cenderung lebih rentan akan bantingan.
5. agak lemot
Untuk kelebihannya adalah:
1. untuk music cukup bagus karna seri ini lebih ditekankan untuk entertainment musicnya.
Dari perbandingan tersebut tentunya anda bisa menilai apakah itu termasuk produk gagal untuk dijaman yang sangat menuntut mobilitas yang tinggi ini.
1. bling putih pada layar/white secreen
2. ketika dinyalakan LCDberkedip
3. Untuk penerimaan signal nya kurang bagus
4. handphone slide cenderung lebih rentan akan bantingan.
5. agak lemot
Untuk kelebihannya adalah:
1. untuk music cukup bagus karna seri ini lebih ditekankan untuk entertainment musicnya.
Dari perbandingan tersebut tentunya anda bisa menilai apakah itu termasuk produk gagal untuk dijaman yang sangat menuntut mobilitas yang tinggi ini.
Minggu, 17 Oktober 2010
object oriented programming using cpp
4.1 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING USING C++
( Common with Information Technology)
L T P
3 - 6
RATIONALE
Object orientation is a new approach to understand the complexities of the real world. In contrast
to the earlier approaches like procedural etc, object orientation helps to formulate the problems in a
better way giving high reliability, adaptability and extensibility to the applications. The students are
already familiar with this concept of programming in C which is the basic for C++. This course
offers the modern programming language C++ that shall help the students to implement the
various concept of object orientation practically. The students will be able to programme in the
object oriented technology with the usage of C++.
DETAILED CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Features (5 hrs)
1.1 Fundamentals of object oriented programming – procedure oriented programming
Vs. object oriented programming (OOP)
1.2 Object oriented programming concepts – Classes, reusability, encapsulation,
inheritance, polymorphism, dynamic binding, message passing
2. Language Constructs (13 hrs)
Review of constructs of C used in C++ : variables, types and type declarations, user
defined data types; increment and decrement operators, relational and logical operators; if
then else clause; conditional expressions, input and output statement, loops, switch case,
arrays, structure, unions, functions, pointers; preprocessor directives
3. Classes and Objects (6 Hrs)
3.1 Creation, accessing class members
3.2 Private Vs Public
3.3 Constructor and Destructor
3.4 Objects
4. Member Functions (4 Hrs)
4.1 Method definition
4.2 Inline Implementation
4.3 Constant member functions
5. Overloading Member Functions (4 hrs)
Need of operator overloading, prefix and postfix, overloading binary operators, operator
overloading, instream/outstream operator overloading
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6. Inheritance (6 hrs)
Definition of inheritance, protected data, private data, public data, inheriting constructors
and destructors, constructor for virtual base classes, constructors and destructors of
derived classes, and virtual functions, size of a derived class, order of invocation, types of
inheritance, single inheritance, hierarchical inheritance, multiple inheritance, hybrid
inheritance
7. Polymorphism and Virtual Functions (5 hrs)
Importance of virtual function, function call binding, virtual functions, implementing late
binding, need for virtual functions, abstract base classes and pure virtual functions, virtual
destructors
8. File and Streams (5 hrs)
Components of a file, different operation of the file, communication in files, creation of file
streams, stream classes, header files, updating of file, opening and closing a file, file
pointers and their manipulations, functions manipulation of file pointers, detecting end-offile.
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. Write a function using variables as arguments to swap the values of a pair of integers
2. An election is contested by five candidates. The candidates are numberd 1 to 5 & voting is
done by marking the candidate number on the ballot paper. Write a program to read the
ballot & count the votes cast for each candidate using an array, variable count. In case, a
number read is out side the range 1 to 5, the ballot should be considered as a ' spoilt
ballot' and the program should also count the number of spoilt ballot.
3. Write a program to read a matrix of size m*n from the keyboard and display the same on
the screen.
4. Write a macro that obtain the largest of three number.
5. As the practical 4, using inline function. Test the function using the main program.
6. Define a class to represent a bank account including the following members:- Data
members
a) Name of the depositors
b) Account number
c) Type of account
4. Balance amount in the account
Member function
- To assign initial values
- To deposit an amount
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- To withdraw an amount after checking the balance
- To display the name and balance.
7. Modify the class and the program of practical 6 for handling 10 customers.
8. Create 2 classes OM and DB which store the value of distance. DM store distances in
meters and cm and DB in feet and inches. Write a program that can read values for the
class objects and add 1 object OM with another object of DB. .
Use a friend function to carry out the addition operation the object that stores the results
may be a DM object or a DB object, depending upon the units in which the results are
require. The display should be in the format of feet and inches or meters and cms
depending on the object on display.
9. A book shop maintains the inventory of books that are being sold at the shop the list
includes details such as author, title and publisher and stock position. Whenever a
customer wants the book, the sales person inputs the title and author and the system
search the list and display whether it is available ornot. If it is not, a appropriate message
is displayed, if it is, then the system displays the book details and requests for the number
of copies require. If the requested are available, the total cost of the required copies is
displayed: otherwise the message" Required copies not in stock"is displayed. Design a
system using a class called books with suitable member functions and constructors. Use
new operator in constructor to allocate memory space require.
10. Define a class string that could work as a userdefined string type include constructors that
will enable us to create an .un-initialized string
String s1; :/ string with length 0
And also to initialize an object with string constant at the time of creation like
String s2("well done"); .
Include a function that adds two strings to make a third string.
11. Create a class float that contains 2 float data member. Over load all the 4 arithmetic
operators so that do operate on the objects of float.
12. Create a class MAT of size m*o. Define all possible matrix operation for MAT type objects
13. Define 2 classes POLAR and RECTANGLE to represent points in the POLAR and
RECTANGLE systems. Use conversion routines to convert from one system to the other.
14. Create a base class called shape use this class to store two double type values that could
be used to compute the area of fig. Derive the specific class called TRIANGLE and
RECTANGLE from the data shape. Add to base class, a member function get - data ( ) to
initialize base class data members and another member and another member function
display – area( ) to compute and display the area of the fig.. Make display – area ( ) as a
virtual function and redefine function in the derived classes to suit their requirements,
85
Using these 3 classes design a program that will accept dimension of RECTANGLE or
TRIANGLE interactivity and display the area.
Remember the 2 values given as input will be treated as length of 2 sides in the case of
rectangle and as base and height in the case of triangles and used as follows:
Area of rectangle = x*y
Area of triangle = 1/2 *x*y
15. Exercise on file handling
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. C++: An introduction to programming by Jense Liberty Tim Keogh: BPB Publications, New
Delhi
2. OO Programming in C++ by Robert Lafore: , Galgotia Publications Pvt. Ltd., Daryaganj,
New Delhi
3. Object Oriented Programming Using C++, Sanjeev Sofat, Cyber Tech. Publication, New
Delhi
4. Object Oriented Programming in C++ by E. Balaguruswamy, TMH Publishing Co. Ltd.,
New Delhi
5. C++ Primier by Stephen Parata , TMH Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi
6. C++ Primer by SB Lippman and J Lajoie; Addison Wesley (Singapore) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
7. Mastering C++ by KR Venugopal and Rajkumar, T Ravishankar; Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi
8. Object Oriented Data Structuring using C++ by KS Easwarakumar; Vikas Publishing
House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
9. Programming in C and C++ by SS Khandare; S Chand and Company Ltd. New Delhi
10. Object Oriented Programming using C++ by B Chandra, Narosa Publishing House Pvt
Ltd., Daryaganj, New Delhi 110002
11. Object Oriented Programming using C++ by R Rajaram , New age International (P) Ltd,
Publishers New Delhi
12. Programming in C++ by N Dale, C. Weems and Headington, Narosa Publishing House
Pvt Ltd., Daryaganj, New Delhi 110002
86
4.2 WINDOWS AND LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
( Common with Information Technology)
L T P
2 - 6
RATIONALE
The knowledge of this subject will enable the students to understand the concepts of Linux and its
potential. The students will also get hand on experience of linux after undergoing this course.
DETAILED CONTENTS
Linux Operating System
1. Introduction (3 Hrs)
History of Linux and Unix, Linux Overview, Linux releases, open linux
2. Linux Commands and Filters (6 Hrs)
Mkdir, CD, rmdir, pwd, ls, who, whoami, cat, more, fail, head, concept of, mv, chmod, grep,
wc, comm., split, sort, diff, kill, write, wall, merge, mail, news
3. Shell (6 Hrs)
The command line special characters and file arguments, standard input/output and
redirection, pipes, redirecting and piping with standard errors, shell scripts, jobs.
4. Linux file Structure (6 Hrs)
Linux files, file structure, listing displaying and printing files, managing directories, file and
directory operations.
5. Vi Editor (3 Hrs)
Vi editing commands, advanced Vi editing commands, line editing commands, options in
Vi.
6. System Administration (6 Hrs)
System management, managing users, installing and managing devices, floppy disk
management, file system administration, backups.
Windows Network Operating System
7. Introduction (6 Hrs)
Windows operating system - its features and capabilities; comparison with OS hardware
requirements for Windows 98, 2000 XP, Millennium,NT.
8. Control Program and Control Panel (6 hrs)
Customizing desktop, installing, removing programs, managing your files and folders
(creating, renaming, deleting, moving, copying etc.)
87
LIST OF PRACTICALS
Installing Linux
1. Creating and managing user accounts
2. Practice on Linux commands
3. Practice on vi commands
4. Write and execute at least 10 programmes in Linux using shells such as
- Factorial of numbers
- Even/odd numbers
- Fibonacci series
- Prime numbers
- Arrange of numbers
- Reverse of numbers
- Lower case to upper case
- Greatest of three numbers etc.
5. Installing and configuring X-windows
6. Create file and folder
7. Searching a file
8. Installation of device drivers
9. Creating user accounts
10. Customizing desktop
11. Setting monitor resolution
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Linux – The Complete Reference by Richard Peterson, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi
2. Linux – Install and Configuration Black Book by Die Annleblanc and Issac Yates, IDG
Books India Private Ltd., Delhi
3. Unleashed Linux by Tech Media Publishers.
88
4.3 RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(RDBMS)
(Common with Information Technology)
L T P
2 - 4
RATIONALE
Database and database systems have become an essential component of everyday life in modern
society. This course will acquaint the students with the knowledge of fundamental concepts of
DBMS and its application in different areas, storage, manipulation and retrieval of data using query
languages.
DETAILED CONTENTS
1. Introduction (3 hrs)
1.1 Database Systems
- Database and its purpose
- Characteristics of the database approach
- Advantages and disadvantages of database systems
1.2 Classification of DBMS Users
- Actors on the scene
- Database Administrators, Database Designers, End Users, System
Analysts and Application Programmers
- Workers behind the scene (DBMS system designers and implementers,
tool developers, operator and maintenance personnel)
2. Database System Concepts and Architecture (6 hrs)
2.1 Data models, schemas, instances, data base state
2.2 DBMS Architecture
- The External level
- The conceptual level
- The internal level
- Mappings
2.3 Data Independence
- Logical data Independence
- Physical data Independence
2.4 Database Languages and Interfaces
- DBMS Language
- DBMS Interfaces
2.5 Classification of Database Management Systems
89
3. Data Modeling using E.R. Model (Entity Relationship Model) (5 hrs)
3.1 Data Models Classification : File based or primitive models, traditional data
models, semantic data models.
3.2 Entities and Attributes
3.3 Entity types and Entity sets
3.4 Key attribute and domain of attributes
3.5 Relationship among entities
4. Relational Model: (6 hrs)
4.1 Relational Model Concepts: Domain, Attributes, Tuples and Relations
4.2 Relational constraints and relational database schemes
- Domain constraints
- Key constraints and constraints on Null
- Relational databases and relational database schemes
- Entity integrity, referential integrity and foreign key
5. Functional Dependencies and Normalization (6 hrs)
5.1 Functional Dependencies
- Trivial and Non-trivial dependencies
- Closure of a set of dependencies and attributes
- Irreducible set of dependencies
5.2 Normalization
- Non-loss decomposition and functional dependencies
- First, Second and Third normal forms.
- Boyce/Codd normal form
6. Structured Query Language (6 hrs)
Data definition language : Create, Alter, Drop commands
- Data Manipulation Language (DML)
- Select command with where clause using conditional expressions and
Boolean operators, group by clause, like operator.
- Insert, Update and Delete commands
90
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. Overview, Features and functionality, Application development in MS-Access
2. Exercises on different forms of select statement, altering and droping of tables
3. Exercises on creation of tables
4. Exercises on insertion of data into tables
5. Exercises on deletion of data using different conditions
6. Exercises on UPDATE statement
INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES
Explanation of concepts using real time examples, diagrams etc. For practical sessions books
along with CDs or learning materials with specified activities are required. Various exercises and
small applications should be given along with theoretical explanation of concepts.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1) Fundamentals of Database Management Systems by Dr Renu Vig and Ekta Walia, - an ISTE,
Publication, New Delhi
2) Database Management Systems by Alexis Leon and Mathews Leon; Vikas Publishing House
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
3) An introduction to database systems by Date C.J. Adison Wesley
4) Fundamentals of Database Systems by Elmasri/Navathe/Adison Wesley
5) An Introduction to database systems by Bipin C. Desai, Galgotia Publications Pvt. Ltd.,
Daryaganj, New Delhi 110 002
6) SQL Unleashed by Hans Ladanyi Techmedia Publications, New Delhi
7) Oracle 8, The complete reference by Koch and Loney, Tata McGraw Hill Publications New
Delhi
91
4.4 MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS
(Common with Information Technology)
L T P
2 - 3
RATIONALE
Multimedia is a new concept emerged in the recent times. Now this technology is being widely
used in web pages, motion pictures and interactive presentations, animation etc. Multimedia has
made a significant impact in training/education, business presentations, public information access
etc. This course intends to introduce and expose multimedia technology and various factors and
features of authoring software. It will also help in making the internet application richer in content
and presentation
DETAILED CONTENTS
1. Introduction (5 hrs)
Introduction to multimedia, hypertext, hypergraphics, animation, application in education
and training, science and technology, kiosks, business and games
2. Multimedia Hardware (5 hrs)
Multimedia PC configuration, features and specifications of sound and video interfaces,
OCR, touch-screen, scanners, digital cameras, speakers, printers, plotters, optical disks
and drives as CDROM and DVD. multimedia networks
3. Multimedia Files (5 hrs)
Image and sound file formats, multimedia file formats, compression, standards and
techniques, features of software to read and write such files.
4. Photo-shop (15 hrs)
Photo-shop workshop, image editing tools, specifying and adjusting colors, using gradient
tools, selection and move tools, transforming path drawing and editing tools, using
channels, layers, filters and actions
5. Flash (9 hrs)
Exploring interface, using selection and pen tools, working with drawing and painting tools,
applying color, viewing and manipulating time line, time line/stage relationship, animating
(frame-by-frame, tweening), guiding layers, importing and editing sound and video clips in
flash, working with 3-D graphics
6. Director (9 hrs)
Exploring interface: score editor, cast editor, toolbars, library, palette, inspector, menu bar,
cast libraries, painting techniques, importing images, working with stage, sprites and score;
using text, using sound, using digital video, creating behaviour, using behaviour inspector,
basics of lingo
92
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. Configuring multimedia devices to PC (Personal computer)
2. Installing and use of various multimedia devices
- Scanner
- Digital camera, web camera
- Mike and speakers
- Touch screen
- Plotter and printers
- DVD
- Audio CD and Video CD
- Reading and writing of different format on a frame CD
- Transporting audio and video files
- Using various features of Director
- Using various features of Flash
- Using various features of Photo-shop
- Making multimedia presentations combining Director, Flash, Photo-shop, such as
department profile, lesson presentation, games and project presentations
INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY
As the subject is practice oriented, more stress should be given to students to do the work
practically. The features of software packages Photo-shop, Flash and Director are to be
demonstrated in class using LCD projector.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Multimedia An Introduction by Villam Casanova and Molina; Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi
2. Multimedia Bible by Win Rosch
3. Multimedia Making it work by Baughan, Jay
4. Director and Lingo Bible by John and Nyquist and Rober Martin, IDG Books India Pvt. Ltd.,
5. Mastering Macro Media Director 5 by Feudnon; BPB Publication, New Delhi
6. Photo-shop for Windows Bible by Deke Maclelland IDG Books India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
7. Multimedia Technology and Application by Hillman, Galgotia Publications, New Delhi
8. Flash 5 Bible by Rein Hardit, IDG Books India Pvt. Ltd.
9. Flash 5 in easy steps by Vandome IDG Books India Pvt. Ltd.
93
4.5 COMPUTER ORGANISATION
(Common in Computer Engineering and Information Technology )
L T P
3 - -
RATIONALE
This course aims to develop knowledge and skills in the subject of organization of
components of a computer. The course will enable the students to be familiar with
computer hardware, standards, instruction set and assembly language programming. It
deals with the architecture of major components of a computer and functioning of these
different components.
Note: List of practicals has been given only as guide lines for students to learn, and not
for examination.
DETAILED CONTENTS
1. Introduction to Computer Organization: (06 hrs)
Structure and Function: Introduction to components, functions of individual component with
block diagram, Introduction to machine language, assembly language, assembler,
compiler, interpreter.
What is BIOS, Functions of BIOS
2. System Buses and Expansion Buses (05 hrs)
Introduction, system buses in PCs, expansion buses in PCs, ISI, EISE, VESA, PCI
3. Processor (12 hrs)
Introduction, role of processor in a PC, working of processor with the help of a block
diagram. processors generations and processor families, inside a processor, processor
packaging, processor sockets. Processor Instruction Sets - RISC Technology, different
RISC processors available, difference between RISC and CISC processors.
4. Input-output Organization (10 hrs)
Peripheral devices, input/output interface, synchronous vs asynchronous data transfer,
Direct Memory Access(DMA), priority interrupt, Input-output processor data communication
processor.
5. Memory Organization (10 hrs)
Introduction to main memory. secondary memory, cache memory, physical vs. virtual
memory, associate memory, memory management unit, memory mapping, paging and
page replacement polices.
94
6. Introduction to Multi-Processor System: (05 hrs)
Parallel processing and pipelines, basic characteristics of multiprocessor, multiprocessor
organization (time shared bus, multiport, central control unit).
Note: List of practicals has been given only as guide lines for students to learn, and not
for examination.
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. To identify various components, devices and sections of computer.
2. To Study of motherboards
3. To interconnect the system unit with the video monitor, mouse and key board and test the
operation of the computer.
4. Identification of chipsets and functional aspects of different subsystems on each card
5. To connect various add on cards and I/O devices to a computer motherboard and test their
working
6. Study of the bus system and identifying various signal lines
7. To note the voltages and waveforms at various terminals in the I/O channel (Bus Slots)
8. Study of peripherals used, their speeds and capacities
INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY
Since this subject is theoretical one, the practical aspects should be taught along with the theory
instruction for better understanding. . There is sufficient time in this subject students may be taken
to laboratory for demonstration.The students be given quiz tests and asked to give seminars on
small topics
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Computer organization and Architecture William Stalling, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi..
2. Computer System Architecture by M. Morris, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
3. Computer Architecture and Organization by John P. Hayes, Mc Graw Hill Publishers.
4. Computer Fundamentals Architecture and Organization by B.Ram, New Age Publishing
House, New Delhi
5. Computer architecture by Rafiquzzaman, M ; Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
6. Fair head – 80836/80486 BPB Publication, New Delhi.
7. Hardware and Software of Personal Computers by Bose, SK; Willey Eastern Ltd; New
Delhi.
8. Structured Computer Organization by Tanenbaum Andrew S; Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi.
9. Upgrading and Preparing PCs by Scott Muller, Techmedia Publications, New Delhi
10. Computer Organization and Architecture by Linda Labour, Narosa Publishing House Pvt.
Ltd. Darya Ganj, New Delhi.
11. A to Z of PC Hardware and Maintenance Subhadeep Choudhary Dhanpat Rai and Co.,
New Delhi
95
4.6 COMPUTER PERIPHERALS AND INTERFACING DEVICES
L T P
3 - 3
RATIONALE
A computer engineer should be able to interface and maintain key-board, printer, mouse monitor
etc along with the computer system. The course provides the necessary knowledge and skills
regarding working construction and interfacing aspects of peripherals. The students will get to
know how various peripherals communicate with central processing unit of the computer system
and pattern their respective operations. The student will be able to maintain keyboard, printer,
monitors and Power Supplies (CVTs and UPSs) along with computer system. This subject provide
the required background of computer installation, maintenance and testing of peripheral with micro
computers So a course on Computer Peripherals and Interfacing Devices is required to develop
such skills.
DETAILED CONETENTS
1. Video Display (8 Hrs)
- The basic principle of working of video monitors, video display adopters, video
modes
- Video display EGA/VGA/SVGA/PCI adapters and their architecture
- Overview of Raster scan, vector graphic, their main difference and relative
advantages
- Concept of reduction and bandwidth of monitors refreshing of screen
2. Key Board and Mouse (4 Hrs)
Basic principle of working of key board and mouse, scan codes.
3. Disk Drives (4 Hrs)
Constructional features and working of hard disk drive, floppy disk drive, optical and DVD
disk drive. Logical structure of disk and its organization, boot record, and CD writer
4. Other Devices (4 hrs)
Working principle of various input devices such as keyboards, Mouse, Scanner, Tablets,
touch screen, light pen, digitizers and joystick
5. Printers (4 hrs)
Principle and working of DeskJet, dot matrix and laser printers.
6. Principles of working and features of scanner, plotter, digitizer and Modem (4 Hrs)
96
7. Input/Output Drivers (6 Hrs)
(a) Software aspects of peripheral devices
(b) Role of device drivers
(c) DOS and Unix device drivers
8. Power Supplies (4 Hrs)
(a) SMPS used in computers and constant voltage transformers
(b) On Line/Off Line uninterrupted power supplies (UPS), basic principle of working their
importance and maintenance
9. The BIOS and DOS Services (6 Hrs)
The basic idea of BIOS and DOS services for diskette, serial port, key board and printers.
10. Future Trends (4 hrs)
(a) Various types of digital buses. Analysis of recent progress in peripheral and buss
systems.
(b) Some aspects of cost performance analysis while designing the system
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1) To identify various components and peripheral devices of computer.
2) Exercise on assembling a PC with peripherals and testing the same.
3) To study the SMPS circuit and measure its various voltages. Connecting SMPS to motherboard
and other devices.
4) To study the operation and maintenance of CVT, HDD, FDD, CD ROM Drive, BMP, PASER
5) To study the operations and maintenance of UPS.
6) Exercises on fault finding and repair of peripherals.
INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY
While teaching the subject the teacher may take the interfacing devices like disk drives, printers,
key-boards, scanners, plotters etc. physically and explain its working. Additional practical exercise
on maintenance and repair on peripheral devices will help the students to develop adequate skills.
97
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. B. Govinda Rajalu, IBM PC and Clones, “Hardware Trouble Shooting and Maintenance”,
Tata McGraw Hill 1991
2. Robert, S Lai: The waite group writing MS DOS Device, Drives, Addison, Wesley
Publishing Co. 2nd Ed. 1992.
3. SK Bose “Hardware and Software of Personal Computers” Wiley Eastern Limited, New
Delhi.
4. Hall, Douglas: “Microprocessors and Interfacing” McGraw Hill
5. Uffenbeck. “ Microprocessors and Interfacing “
6. Fundamentals of Computers by Sukhvir Singh; Khanna Publishers, New Delhi
7. Computer Peripherals for Micro Computers, Microprocessor and PC by Levis Hahensteu
8. Inside the PC (Eight Edition) by Peter Norton; Tech Media Publication
98
ENTREPRENEURIAL AWARENESS CAMP
This is to be organized at a stretch for two to three days during second year. Lectures will be
delivered on the following broad topics. There will be no examination for this subject
1. Who is an entrepreneur?
2. Need for entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial career and wage employment
3. Scenario of development of small scale industries in India
4. Entrepreneurial history in India, Indian values and entrepreneurship
5. Assistance from District Industries Centres, Commercial Banks. State Financial
Corporations, Small industries Service Institutes, Research and Development Laboratories
and other financial and development corporations
6. Considerations for product selection
7. Opportunities for business, service and industrial ventures
8. Learning from Indian experiences in entrepreneurship (Interaction with successful
entrepreneurs)
9. Legal aspects of small business
10. Managerial aspects of small business
(http://techeduhry.nic.in/syllabus/COMPUTER%20ENGG/4Comp.pdf)
( Common with Information Technology)
L T P
3 - 6
RATIONALE
Object orientation is a new approach to understand the complexities of the real world. In contrast
to the earlier approaches like procedural etc, object orientation helps to formulate the problems in a
better way giving high reliability, adaptability and extensibility to the applications. The students are
already familiar with this concept of programming in C which is the basic for C++. This course
offers the modern programming language C++ that shall help the students to implement the
various concept of object orientation practically. The students will be able to programme in the
object oriented technology with the usage of C++.
DETAILED CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Features (5 hrs)
1.1 Fundamentals of object oriented programming – procedure oriented programming
Vs. object oriented programming (OOP)
1.2 Object oriented programming concepts – Classes, reusability, encapsulation,
inheritance, polymorphism, dynamic binding, message passing
2. Language Constructs (13 hrs)
Review of constructs of C used in C++ : variables, types and type declarations, user
defined data types; increment and decrement operators, relational and logical operators; if
then else clause; conditional expressions, input and output statement, loops, switch case,
arrays, structure, unions, functions, pointers; preprocessor directives
3. Classes and Objects (6 Hrs)
3.1 Creation, accessing class members
3.2 Private Vs Public
3.3 Constructor and Destructor
3.4 Objects
4. Member Functions (4 Hrs)
4.1 Method definition
4.2 Inline Implementation
4.3 Constant member functions
5. Overloading Member Functions (4 hrs)
Need of operator overloading, prefix and postfix, overloading binary operators, operator
overloading, instream/outstream operator overloading
83
6. Inheritance (6 hrs)
Definition of inheritance, protected data, private data, public data, inheriting constructors
and destructors, constructor for virtual base classes, constructors and destructors of
derived classes, and virtual functions, size of a derived class, order of invocation, types of
inheritance, single inheritance, hierarchical inheritance, multiple inheritance, hybrid
inheritance
7. Polymorphism and Virtual Functions (5 hrs)
Importance of virtual function, function call binding, virtual functions, implementing late
binding, need for virtual functions, abstract base classes and pure virtual functions, virtual
destructors
8. File and Streams (5 hrs)
Components of a file, different operation of the file, communication in files, creation of file
streams, stream classes, header files, updating of file, opening and closing a file, file
pointers and their manipulations, functions manipulation of file pointers, detecting end-offile.
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. Write a function using variables as arguments to swap the values of a pair of integers
2. An election is contested by five candidates. The candidates are numberd 1 to 5 & voting is
done by marking the candidate number on the ballot paper. Write a program to read the
ballot & count the votes cast for each candidate using an array, variable count. In case, a
number read is out side the range 1 to 5, the ballot should be considered as a ' spoilt
ballot' and the program should also count the number of spoilt ballot.
3. Write a program to read a matrix of size m*n from the keyboard and display the same on
the screen.
4. Write a macro that obtain the largest of three number.
5. As the practical 4, using inline function. Test the function using the main program.
6. Define a class to represent a bank account including the following members:- Data
members
a) Name of the depositors
b) Account number
c) Type of account
4. Balance amount in the account
Member function
- To assign initial values
- To deposit an amount
84
- To withdraw an amount after checking the balance
- To display the name and balance.
7. Modify the class and the program of practical 6 for handling 10 customers.
8. Create 2 classes OM and DB which store the value of distance. DM store distances in
meters and cm and DB in feet and inches. Write a program that can read values for the
class objects and add 1 object OM with another object of DB. .
Use a friend function to carry out the addition operation the object that stores the results
may be a DM object or a DB object, depending upon the units in which the results are
require. The display should be in the format of feet and inches or meters and cms
depending on the object on display.
9. A book shop maintains the inventory of books that are being sold at the shop the list
includes details such as author, title and publisher and stock position. Whenever a
customer wants the book, the sales person inputs the title and author and the system
search the list and display whether it is available ornot. If it is not, a appropriate message
is displayed, if it is, then the system displays the book details and requests for the number
of copies require. If the requested are available, the total cost of the required copies is
displayed: otherwise the message" Required copies not in stock"is displayed. Design a
system using a class called books with suitable member functions and constructors. Use
new operator in constructor to allocate memory space require.
10. Define a class string that could work as a userdefined string type include constructors that
will enable us to create an .un-initialized string
String s1; :/ string with length 0
And also to initialize an object with string constant at the time of creation like
String s2("well done"); .
Include a function that adds two strings to make a third string.
11. Create a class float that contains 2 float data member. Over load all the 4 arithmetic
operators so that do operate on the objects of float.
12. Create a class MAT of size m*o. Define all possible matrix operation for MAT type objects
13. Define 2 classes POLAR and RECTANGLE to represent points in the POLAR and
RECTANGLE systems. Use conversion routines to convert from one system to the other.
14. Create a base class called shape use this class to store two double type values that could
be used to compute the area of fig. Derive the specific class called TRIANGLE and
RECTANGLE from the data shape. Add to base class, a member function get - data ( ) to
initialize base class data members and another member and another member function
display – area( ) to compute and display the area of the fig.. Make display – area ( ) as a
virtual function and redefine function in the derived classes to suit their requirements,
85
Using these 3 classes design a program that will accept dimension of RECTANGLE or
TRIANGLE interactivity and display the area.
Remember the 2 values given as input will be treated as length of 2 sides in the case of
rectangle and as base and height in the case of triangles and used as follows:
Area of rectangle = x*y
Area of triangle = 1/2 *x*y
15. Exercise on file handling
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. C++: An introduction to programming by Jense Liberty Tim Keogh: BPB Publications, New
Delhi
2. OO Programming in C++ by Robert Lafore: , Galgotia Publications Pvt. Ltd., Daryaganj,
New Delhi
3. Object Oriented Programming Using C++, Sanjeev Sofat, Cyber Tech. Publication, New
Delhi
4. Object Oriented Programming in C++ by E. Balaguruswamy, TMH Publishing Co. Ltd.,
New Delhi
5. C++ Primier by Stephen Parata , TMH Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi
6. C++ Primer by SB Lippman and J Lajoie; Addison Wesley (Singapore) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
7. Mastering C++ by KR Venugopal and Rajkumar, T Ravishankar; Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi
8. Object Oriented Data Structuring using C++ by KS Easwarakumar; Vikas Publishing
House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
9. Programming in C and C++ by SS Khandare; S Chand and Company Ltd. New Delhi
10. Object Oriented Programming using C++ by B Chandra, Narosa Publishing House Pvt
Ltd., Daryaganj, New Delhi 110002
11. Object Oriented Programming using C++ by R Rajaram , New age International (P) Ltd,
Publishers New Delhi
12. Programming in C++ by N Dale, C. Weems and Headington, Narosa Publishing House
Pvt Ltd., Daryaganj, New Delhi 110002
86
4.2 WINDOWS AND LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
( Common with Information Technology)
L T P
2 - 6
RATIONALE
The knowledge of this subject will enable the students to understand the concepts of Linux and its
potential. The students will also get hand on experience of linux after undergoing this course.
DETAILED CONTENTS
Linux Operating System
1. Introduction (3 Hrs)
History of Linux and Unix, Linux Overview, Linux releases, open linux
2. Linux Commands and Filters (6 Hrs)
Mkdir, CD, rmdir, pwd, ls, who, whoami, cat, more, fail, head, concept of, mv, chmod, grep,
wc, comm., split, sort, diff, kill, write, wall, merge, mail, news
3. Shell (6 Hrs)
The command line special characters and file arguments, standard input/output and
redirection, pipes, redirecting and piping with standard errors, shell scripts, jobs.
4. Linux file Structure (6 Hrs)
Linux files, file structure, listing displaying and printing files, managing directories, file and
directory operations.
5. Vi Editor (3 Hrs)
Vi editing commands, advanced Vi editing commands, line editing commands, options in
Vi.
6. System Administration (6 Hrs)
System management, managing users, installing and managing devices, floppy disk
management, file system administration, backups.
Windows Network Operating System
7. Introduction (6 Hrs)
Windows operating system - its features and capabilities; comparison with OS hardware
requirements for Windows 98, 2000 XP, Millennium,NT.
8. Control Program and Control Panel (6 hrs)
Customizing desktop, installing, removing programs, managing your files and folders
(creating, renaming, deleting, moving, copying etc.)
87
LIST OF PRACTICALS
Installing Linux
1. Creating and managing user accounts
2. Practice on Linux commands
3. Practice on vi commands
4. Write and execute at least 10 programmes in Linux using shells such as
- Factorial of numbers
- Even/odd numbers
- Fibonacci series
- Prime numbers
- Arrange of numbers
- Reverse of numbers
- Lower case to upper case
- Greatest of three numbers etc.
5. Installing and configuring X-windows
6. Create file and folder
7. Searching a file
8. Installation of device drivers
9. Creating user accounts
10. Customizing desktop
11. Setting monitor resolution
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Linux – The Complete Reference by Richard Peterson, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi
2. Linux – Install and Configuration Black Book by Die Annleblanc and Issac Yates, IDG
Books India Private Ltd., Delhi
3. Unleashed Linux by Tech Media Publishers.
88
4.3 RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(RDBMS)
(Common with Information Technology)
L T P
2 - 4
RATIONALE
Database and database systems have become an essential component of everyday life in modern
society. This course will acquaint the students with the knowledge of fundamental concepts of
DBMS and its application in different areas, storage, manipulation and retrieval of data using query
languages.
DETAILED CONTENTS
1. Introduction (3 hrs)
1.1 Database Systems
- Database and its purpose
- Characteristics of the database approach
- Advantages and disadvantages of database systems
1.2 Classification of DBMS Users
- Actors on the scene
- Database Administrators, Database Designers, End Users, System
Analysts and Application Programmers
- Workers behind the scene (DBMS system designers and implementers,
tool developers, operator and maintenance personnel)
2. Database System Concepts and Architecture (6 hrs)
2.1 Data models, schemas, instances, data base state
2.2 DBMS Architecture
- The External level
- The conceptual level
- The internal level
- Mappings
2.3 Data Independence
- Logical data Independence
- Physical data Independence
2.4 Database Languages and Interfaces
- DBMS Language
- DBMS Interfaces
2.5 Classification of Database Management Systems
89
3. Data Modeling using E.R. Model (Entity Relationship Model) (5 hrs)
3.1 Data Models Classification : File based or primitive models, traditional data
models, semantic data models.
3.2 Entities and Attributes
3.3 Entity types and Entity sets
3.4 Key attribute and domain of attributes
3.5 Relationship among entities
4. Relational Model: (6 hrs)
4.1 Relational Model Concepts: Domain, Attributes, Tuples and Relations
4.2 Relational constraints and relational database schemes
- Domain constraints
- Key constraints and constraints on Null
- Relational databases and relational database schemes
- Entity integrity, referential integrity and foreign key
5. Functional Dependencies and Normalization (6 hrs)
5.1 Functional Dependencies
- Trivial and Non-trivial dependencies
- Closure of a set of dependencies and attributes
- Irreducible set of dependencies
5.2 Normalization
- Non-loss decomposition and functional dependencies
- First, Second and Third normal forms.
- Boyce/Codd normal form
6. Structured Query Language (6 hrs)
Data definition language : Create, Alter, Drop commands
- Data Manipulation Language (DML)
- Select command with where clause using conditional expressions and
Boolean operators, group by clause, like operator.
- Insert, Update and Delete commands
90
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. Overview, Features and functionality, Application development in MS-Access
2. Exercises on different forms of select statement, altering and droping of tables
3. Exercises on creation of tables
4. Exercises on insertion of data into tables
5. Exercises on deletion of data using different conditions
6. Exercises on UPDATE statement
INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES
Explanation of concepts using real time examples, diagrams etc. For practical sessions books
along with CDs or learning materials with specified activities are required. Various exercises and
small applications should be given along with theoretical explanation of concepts.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1) Fundamentals of Database Management Systems by Dr Renu Vig and Ekta Walia, - an ISTE,
Publication, New Delhi
2) Database Management Systems by Alexis Leon and Mathews Leon; Vikas Publishing House
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
3) An introduction to database systems by Date C.J. Adison Wesley
4) Fundamentals of Database Systems by Elmasri/Navathe/Adison Wesley
5) An Introduction to database systems by Bipin C. Desai, Galgotia Publications Pvt. Ltd.,
Daryaganj, New Delhi 110 002
6) SQL Unleashed by Hans Ladanyi Techmedia Publications, New Delhi
7) Oracle 8, The complete reference by Koch and Loney, Tata McGraw Hill Publications New
Delhi
91
4.4 MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS
(Common with Information Technology)
L T P
2 - 3
RATIONALE
Multimedia is a new concept emerged in the recent times. Now this technology is being widely
used in web pages, motion pictures and interactive presentations, animation etc. Multimedia has
made a significant impact in training/education, business presentations, public information access
etc. This course intends to introduce and expose multimedia technology and various factors and
features of authoring software. It will also help in making the internet application richer in content
and presentation
DETAILED CONTENTS
1. Introduction (5 hrs)
Introduction to multimedia, hypertext, hypergraphics, animation, application in education
and training, science and technology, kiosks, business and games
2. Multimedia Hardware (5 hrs)
Multimedia PC configuration, features and specifications of sound and video interfaces,
OCR, touch-screen, scanners, digital cameras, speakers, printers, plotters, optical disks
and drives as CDROM and DVD. multimedia networks
3. Multimedia Files (5 hrs)
Image and sound file formats, multimedia file formats, compression, standards and
techniques, features of software to read and write such files.
4. Photo-shop (15 hrs)
Photo-shop workshop, image editing tools, specifying and adjusting colors, using gradient
tools, selection and move tools, transforming path drawing and editing tools, using
channels, layers, filters and actions
5. Flash (9 hrs)
Exploring interface, using selection and pen tools, working with drawing and painting tools,
applying color, viewing and manipulating time line, time line/stage relationship, animating
(frame-by-frame, tweening), guiding layers, importing and editing sound and video clips in
flash, working with 3-D graphics
6. Director (9 hrs)
Exploring interface: score editor, cast editor, toolbars, library, palette, inspector, menu bar,
cast libraries, painting techniques, importing images, working with stage, sprites and score;
using text, using sound, using digital video, creating behaviour, using behaviour inspector,
basics of lingo
92
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. Configuring multimedia devices to PC (Personal computer)
2. Installing and use of various multimedia devices
- Scanner
- Digital camera, web camera
- Mike and speakers
- Touch screen
- Plotter and printers
- DVD
- Audio CD and Video CD
- Reading and writing of different format on a frame CD
- Transporting audio and video files
- Using various features of Director
- Using various features of Flash
- Using various features of Photo-shop
- Making multimedia presentations combining Director, Flash, Photo-shop, such as
department profile, lesson presentation, games and project presentations
INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY
As the subject is practice oriented, more stress should be given to students to do the work
practically. The features of software packages Photo-shop, Flash and Director are to be
demonstrated in class using LCD projector.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Multimedia An Introduction by Villam Casanova and Molina; Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi
2. Multimedia Bible by Win Rosch
3. Multimedia Making it work by Baughan, Jay
4. Director and Lingo Bible by John and Nyquist and Rober Martin, IDG Books India Pvt. Ltd.,
5. Mastering Macro Media Director 5 by Feudnon; BPB Publication, New Delhi
6. Photo-shop for Windows Bible by Deke Maclelland IDG Books India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
7. Multimedia Technology and Application by Hillman, Galgotia Publications, New Delhi
8. Flash 5 Bible by Rein Hardit, IDG Books India Pvt. Ltd.
9. Flash 5 in easy steps by Vandome IDG Books India Pvt. Ltd.
93
4.5 COMPUTER ORGANISATION
(Common in Computer Engineering and Information Technology )
L T P
3 - -
RATIONALE
This course aims to develop knowledge and skills in the subject of organization of
components of a computer. The course will enable the students to be familiar with
computer hardware, standards, instruction set and assembly language programming. It
deals with the architecture of major components of a computer and functioning of these
different components.
Note: List of practicals has been given only as guide lines for students to learn, and not
for examination.
DETAILED CONTENTS
1. Introduction to Computer Organization: (06 hrs)
Structure and Function: Introduction to components, functions of individual component with
block diagram, Introduction to machine language, assembly language, assembler,
compiler, interpreter.
What is BIOS, Functions of BIOS
2. System Buses and Expansion Buses (05 hrs)
Introduction, system buses in PCs, expansion buses in PCs, ISI, EISE, VESA, PCI
3. Processor (12 hrs)
Introduction, role of processor in a PC, working of processor with the help of a block
diagram. processors generations and processor families, inside a processor, processor
packaging, processor sockets. Processor Instruction Sets - RISC Technology, different
RISC processors available, difference between RISC and CISC processors.
4. Input-output Organization (10 hrs)
Peripheral devices, input/output interface, synchronous vs asynchronous data transfer,
Direct Memory Access(DMA), priority interrupt, Input-output processor data communication
processor.
5. Memory Organization (10 hrs)
Introduction to main memory. secondary memory, cache memory, physical vs. virtual
memory, associate memory, memory management unit, memory mapping, paging and
page replacement polices.
94
6. Introduction to Multi-Processor System: (05 hrs)
Parallel processing and pipelines, basic characteristics of multiprocessor, multiprocessor
organization (time shared bus, multiport, central control unit).
Note: List of practicals has been given only as guide lines for students to learn, and not
for examination.
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. To identify various components, devices and sections of computer.
2. To Study of motherboards
3. To interconnect the system unit with the video monitor, mouse and key board and test the
operation of the computer.
4. Identification of chipsets and functional aspects of different subsystems on each card
5. To connect various add on cards and I/O devices to a computer motherboard and test their
working
6. Study of the bus system and identifying various signal lines
7. To note the voltages and waveforms at various terminals in the I/O channel (Bus Slots)
8. Study of peripherals used, their speeds and capacities
INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY
Since this subject is theoretical one, the practical aspects should be taught along with the theory
instruction for better understanding. . There is sufficient time in this subject students may be taken
to laboratory for demonstration.The students be given quiz tests and asked to give seminars on
small topics
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Computer organization and Architecture William Stalling, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi..
2. Computer System Architecture by M. Morris, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
3. Computer Architecture and Organization by John P. Hayes, Mc Graw Hill Publishers.
4. Computer Fundamentals Architecture and Organization by B.Ram, New Age Publishing
House, New Delhi
5. Computer architecture by Rafiquzzaman, M ; Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
6. Fair head – 80836/80486 BPB Publication, New Delhi.
7. Hardware and Software of Personal Computers by Bose, SK; Willey Eastern Ltd; New
Delhi.
8. Structured Computer Organization by Tanenbaum Andrew S; Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi.
9. Upgrading and Preparing PCs by Scott Muller, Techmedia Publications, New Delhi
10. Computer Organization and Architecture by Linda Labour, Narosa Publishing House Pvt.
Ltd. Darya Ganj, New Delhi.
11. A to Z of PC Hardware and Maintenance Subhadeep Choudhary Dhanpat Rai and Co.,
New Delhi
95
4.6 COMPUTER PERIPHERALS AND INTERFACING DEVICES
L T P
3 - 3
RATIONALE
A computer engineer should be able to interface and maintain key-board, printer, mouse monitor
etc along with the computer system. The course provides the necessary knowledge and skills
regarding working construction and interfacing aspects of peripherals. The students will get to
know how various peripherals communicate with central processing unit of the computer system
and pattern their respective operations. The student will be able to maintain keyboard, printer,
monitors and Power Supplies (CVTs and UPSs) along with computer system. This subject provide
the required background of computer installation, maintenance and testing of peripheral with micro
computers So a course on Computer Peripherals and Interfacing Devices is required to develop
such skills.
DETAILED CONETENTS
1. Video Display (8 Hrs)
- The basic principle of working of video monitors, video display adopters, video
modes
- Video display EGA/VGA/SVGA/PCI adapters and their architecture
- Overview of Raster scan, vector graphic, their main difference and relative
advantages
- Concept of reduction and bandwidth of monitors refreshing of screen
2. Key Board and Mouse (4 Hrs)
Basic principle of working of key board and mouse, scan codes.
3. Disk Drives (4 Hrs)
Constructional features and working of hard disk drive, floppy disk drive, optical and DVD
disk drive. Logical structure of disk and its organization, boot record, and CD writer
4. Other Devices (4 hrs)
Working principle of various input devices such as keyboards, Mouse, Scanner, Tablets,
touch screen, light pen, digitizers and joystick
5. Printers (4 hrs)
Principle and working of DeskJet, dot matrix and laser printers.
6. Principles of working and features of scanner, plotter, digitizer and Modem (4 Hrs)
96
7. Input/Output Drivers (6 Hrs)
(a) Software aspects of peripheral devices
(b) Role of device drivers
(c) DOS and Unix device drivers
8. Power Supplies (4 Hrs)
(a) SMPS used in computers and constant voltage transformers
(b) On Line/Off Line uninterrupted power supplies (UPS), basic principle of working their
importance and maintenance
9. The BIOS and DOS Services (6 Hrs)
The basic idea of BIOS and DOS services for diskette, serial port, key board and printers.
10. Future Trends (4 hrs)
(a) Various types of digital buses. Analysis of recent progress in peripheral and buss
systems.
(b) Some aspects of cost performance analysis while designing the system
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1) To identify various components and peripheral devices of computer.
2) Exercise on assembling a PC with peripherals and testing the same.
3) To study the SMPS circuit and measure its various voltages. Connecting SMPS to motherboard
and other devices.
4) To study the operation and maintenance of CVT, HDD, FDD, CD ROM Drive, BMP, PASER
5) To study the operations and maintenance of UPS.
6) Exercises on fault finding and repair of peripherals.
INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY
While teaching the subject the teacher may take the interfacing devices like disk drives, printers,
key-boards, scanners, plotters etc. physically and explain its working. Additional practical exercise
on maintenance and repair on peripheral devices will help the students to develop adequate skills.
97
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. B. Govinda Rajalu, IBM PC and Clones, “Hardware Trouble Shooting and Maintenance”,
Tata McGraw Hill 1991
2. Robert, S Lai: The waite group writing MS DOS Device, Drives, Addison, Wesley
Publishing Co. 2nd Ed. 1992.
3. SK Bose “Hardware and Software of Personal Computers” Wiley Eastern Limited, New
Delhi.
4. Hall, Douglas: “Microprocessors and Interfacing” McGraw Hill
5. Uffenbeck. “ Microprocessors and Interfacing “
6. Fundamentals of Computers by Sukhvir Singh; Khanna Publishers, New Delhi
7. Computer Peripherals for Micro Computers, Microprocessor and PC by Levis Hahensteu
8. Inside the PC (Eight Edition) by Peter Norton; Tech Media Publication
98
ENTREPRENEURIAL AWARENESS CAMP
This is to be organized at a stretch for two to three days during second year. Lectures will be
delivered on the following broad topics. There will be no examination for this subject
1. Who is an entrepreneur?
2. Need for entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial career and wage employment
3. Scenario of development of small scale industries in India
4. Entrepreneurial history in India, Indian values and entrepreneurship
5. Assistance from District Industries Centres, Commercial Banks. State Financial
Corporations, Small industries Service Institutes, Research and Development Laboratories
and other financial and development corporations
6. Considerations for product selection
7. Opportunities for business, service and industrial ventures
8. Learning from Indian experiences in entrepreneurship (Interaction with successful
entrepreneurs)
9. Legal aspects of small business
10. Managerial aspects of small business
(http://techeduhry.nic.in/syllabus/COMPUTER%20ENGG/4Comp.pdf)
Rabu, 02 Juni 2010
inflasi 2
nflasi di Indonesia diumpamakan seperti penyakit endemis dan berakar di sejarah. Tingkat inflasi di Malaysia dan Thailand senantiasa lebih rendah. Inflasi di Indonesia tinggi sekali di zaman Presiden Soekarno, karena kebijakan fiskal dan moneter sama sekali tidak prudent (“kalau perlu uang, cetak saja”). Di zaman Soeharto, pemerintah berusaha menekan inflasi - akan tetapi tidak bisa di bawah 10 persen setahun rata-rata, antara lain oleh karenaBank Indonesia masih punya misi ganda, antara lain sebagai agent of development, yang bisa mengucurkan kredit likuiditas tanpa batas. Baru di zaman reformasi, mulai di zaman Presiden Habibie maka fungsi Bank Indonesia mengutamakan penjagaan nilai rupiah. Tetapi karena sejarah dan karena inflationary expectations masyarakat (yang bertolak ke belakang, artinya bercermin kepada sejarah) maka “inflasi inti” masih lebih besar daripada 5 persen setahun.[1]
Data pertumbuhan ekonomi dariInflasi CPI - Bank Sentral Republik Indonesia |
[sunting]Perekonomian
Tanda-tanda perekonomian mulai mengalami penurunan adalah ditahun 1997 dimana pada masa itulah awal terjadinya krisis. Saat itu pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia hanya berkisar pada level 4,7 persen, sangat rendah dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya yang 7,8 persen. Kondisi keamanan yang belum kondusif akan sangat mempengaruhi iklim investasi di Indonesia. Mungkin hal itulah yang terus diperhatikan oleh pemerintah. Hal ini sangat berhubungan dengan aktivitas kegiatan ekonomi yang berdampak pada penerimaan negara serta pertumbuhan ekonominya. Adanya peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang diharapkan akan menjanjikan harapan bagi perbaikan kondisi ekonomi dimasa mendatang. Bagi Indonesia, dengan meningkatnya pertumbuhan ekonomi maka harapan meningkatnya pendapatan nasional (GNP), pendapatan persaingan kapita akan semakin meningkat, tingkat inflasi dapat ditekan, suku bunga akan berada pada tingkat wajar dan semakin bergairahnya modal bagi dalam negeri maupun luar negeri.
Namun semua itu bisa terwujud apabila kondisi keamanan dalam negeri benar-benar telah kondusif. Kebijakan pemerintah saat ini didalam pemberantasan terorisme, serta pemberantasan korupsi sangat turut membantu bagi pemulihan perekonomian. Pertumbuhan ekonomi yang merupakan salah satu indikator makro ekonomi menggambarkan kinerja perekonomian suatu negara akan menjadi prioritas utama bila ingin menunjukkan kepada pihak lain bahwa aktivitas ekonomi sedang berlangsung dengan baik pada negaranya. (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflasi_dan_perekonomian_Indonesia)
inflasi
Dalam ilmu ekonomi, inflasi adalah suatu proses meningkatnya harga-harga secara umum dan terus-menerus (kontinu) berkaitan dengan mekanisme pasar dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, antara lain, konsumsi masyarakat yang meningkat atau adanya ketidak lancaran distribusi barang.[1]Dengan kata lain, inflasi juga merupakan proses menurunnya nilai mata uang secara kontinu. Inflasi adalah proses dari suatu peristiwa, bukan tinggi-rendahnya tingkat harga. Artinya, tingkat harga yang dianggap tinggi belum tentu menunjukan inflasi. Inflasi dianggap terjadi jika proses kenaikan harga berlangsung secara terus-menerus dan saling pengaruh-mempengaruhi. Istilah inflasi juga digunakan untuk mengartikan peningkatan persediaan uangyang kadangkala dilihat sebagai penyebab meningkatnya harga. Ada banyak cara untuk mengukur tingkat inflasi, dua yang paling sering digunakan adalah CPI dan GDP Deflator.
Inflasi dapat digolongkan menjadi empat golongan, yaitu inflasi ringan, sedang, berat, dan hiperinflasi. Inflasi ringan terjadi apabila kenaikan harga berada di bawah angka 10% setahun; inflasi sedang antara 10%—30% setahun; berat antara 30%—100% setahun; dan hiperinflasi atau inflasi tak terkendali terjadi apabila kenaikan harga berada di atas 100% setahun. (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflasi)
Selasa, 18 Mei 2010
sistem informasi akuntansi
Sistem adalah kelompok dari dua atau lebih komponen atau subsistem, saling berhubungan yang memiliki fungsi dengan tujuan yang sama.
Apa itu Sistem Informasi
Sistem informasi adalah serangkaian prosedur formal di mana data dikumpulkan, diproses menjadi informasi dan didistribusikan ke para pengguna.
Adapun kerangka kerja sistem informasi dibagi menjadi 2 yang utama yaitu : Sistem Informasi Manajemen dan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi.
Apa itu transaksi?
Transaksi adalah kegiatan yang mempengaruhi atau merupakan bagian dari kepentingan perusahaan yang diproses oleh sistem informasinya sebagai unit pekerjaan.
Transaksi ada yang bersifat keuangan dan non keuangan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi
Sistem Informasi Akuntansi (SIA) adalah sebuah Sistem Informasi yang menangani segala sesuatu yang berkenaan dengan Akuntansi. Akuntansi sendiri sebenarnya adalah sebuah Sistem Informasi. Fungsi penting yang dibentuk SIA pada sebuah organisasi antara lain :
- Mengumpulkan dan menyimpan data tentang aktivitas dan transaksi.
- Memproses data menjadi into informasi yang dapat digunakan dalam proses pengambilan keputusan.
- Melakukan kontrol secara tepat terhadap aset organisasi.
Subsistem SIA memproses berbagai transaksi keuangan dan transaksi nonkeuangan yang secara langsung memengaruhi pemrosesan transaksi keuangan.
SIA terdiri dari 3 subsistem:
- Sistem pemrosesan transaksi
mendukung proses operasi bisnis harian.
- Sistem buku besar/ pelaporan keuangan
menghasilkan laporan keuangan, seperti laporan laba/rugi, neraca, arus kas, pengembalian pajak.
- Sistem pelaporan manajemen
yang menyediakan pihak manajemen internal berbagai laporan keuangan bertujuan khusus serta informasi yang dibutuhkan untuk pengambilan keputusan, seperti anggaran, laporan kinerja, serta laporan pertanggungjawaban.
Sistem Informasi Manajemen
Sistem Informasi Manajemen memproses berbagai transaksi non-keuangan yang tidak bisa diproses oleh SIA biasa.
[sunting]Cara Kerja
Untuk memahami bagaimana SIA bekerja, perlu untuk menjawab beberapa pertanyaan sebagai berikut :
- Bagaimana mengoleksi data yang berkaitan dengan aktivitas dan transaksi organisasi?
- Bagaimana mentransformasi data kedalam informasi sehingga manajemen dapat menggunakan untuk menjalankan organisasi?
- Bagaimana menjamin ketersediaan, keandalan, keakuratan informasi ?
- Bagaimana menjamin ketersediaan, keandalan, keakuratan informasi ?
[sunting]Manfaat
Sebuah SIA menambah nilai dengan cara:
- Menyediakan informasi yang akurat dan tepat waktu sehingga dapat melakukan aktivitas utama pada value chain secara efektif dan efisien.
- Meningkatkan kualitas dan mengurangi biaya produk dan jasa yang dihasilkan
- Meningkatkan efisiensi
- Meningkatkan kemampuan dalam pengambilan keputusan
- Meningkatkan sharing knowledge
- menambah efisiensi kerja pada bagian keuangan
(http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_informasi_akuntansi)
